Caucasus pdf

Maran, J, Stockhammer, P. Jones, E. Upper Palaeolithic genomes reveal deep roots of modern mitocapture data mapped to the rCRS. We used Geneious R8. Anthony, D. The secondary products revolution, horse- sequences, which were used for haplotyping in HaploGrep In addition, we used riding, and mounted warfare. World Prehist. Frachetti, M. We determined Y chromosomal haplogroups by identifying the nonuniform institutional complexity across Eurasia. Librado, P. The evolutionary origin and genetic makeup of domestic www.

Genetics , — Haak, W. Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo- Kinship analysis. We used outgroup-f3 statistics and the methods lcMLkin69 and European languages in Europe. READ70 to determine genetic kinship between individuals. Allentoft, M. Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia. Narasimhan, V.

The genomic formation of south and central Asia. Phenotypic SNP calls. We determined the allele information of 5 SNPs bioRxiv, Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations affected by selection in our ancient samples using the captured SNPs by restricting for present-day Europeans. Genome-wide patterns of selection in ancient mentary Note 7. Broushaki, F. Early Neolithic genomes from the eastern Fertile Crescent.

We use the following abbreviated labels throughout the manu- Science , — Yunusbayev, B. Balanovsky, O. Parallel evolution of genes and languages in the Caucasus region. Reporting summary. Further information on experimental design is available in Schonberg, A. High- the Nature Research Reporting Summary linked to this article. Data availability Fu, Q. An early modern human from Romania with a recent The aligned sequences are available through the European Nucleotide Archive Neanderthal ancestor.

Patterson, N. Ancient admixture in human history. Received: 16 May Accepted: 20 December Alexander, D. Fast model-based estimation of ancestry in unrelated individuals.

Genome Res. Raghavan, M. Upper Palaeolithic Siberian genome reveals dual ancestry of Native Americans. Nature , 87—91 The genetic history of Ice Age Europe. References Loh, P. Inferring admixture histories of human populations using 1. Adler, D. Early Levallois technology and the Lower to Middle linkage disequilibrium.

Paleolithic transition in the Southern Caucasus. Science , — Forsyth, J. The Caucasus. A history Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Pinhasi, R. New chronology for the Middle Palaeolithic of the southern Trifonov, V. Sushchestvoval li na Severo-Zapadnom Kavkaze neolit?

In: Caucasus suggests early demise of Neanderthals in this region. Adaptaciya kultur paleolita—eneolita k izmeniyam prirodnoy sredy naSevero- 63, — Zapadnom Kavkaze ed. Institut Istorii Materielnoy Kultury 3. Lordkipanidze, D. Gorelik, A. Helwing, B. The Kura projects: new research on the later prehistory of Neolithisierung im unteren Donbecken. Eurasia Antiq. Verlag, Berlin, Pitskhelauri, K.

Uruk migrants in the Caucasus. Natl Acad. The industry is laminar as well as on thick flakes, there are Mouste- rian elements, curved lamellar retouch is used on burins and endscrapers, and bone tools and pendants which often serve to convince the most skeptical…; Fig. A radiocarbon date places this assemblage at 32 BP, corresponding to the expected chronological range. Additional dates would be useful to confirm this interpretation.

Lithic industry redrawn after Tsereteli, Between West and East Following the northern coast of the Black Sea, Aurignacian sites are known in the Crimea, often established in similar hilly landscapes Demidenko et al. In southern Ukraine and Moldavia, technological and typological elements as well as radiometric dates confirm the Aurignacian attribution. A broad concentration of Aurigna- cian sites can be clearly observed here Hole and Flannery, ; Olszewski and Dibble, with sometimes quite early radiocarbon dates, such as 40 BP at Yafteh.

The territory is immense and the sites abundant, but excavations in this region are still limited. Georgia seems to constitute a natural passage for the Aurignacian, from the Asian cen- ter towards eastern Europe the Crimea, the Ukraine, and Moldavia. Moreover, due to its favorable geographic position, Anatolia must have also constituted an intermediary territory. Evidence of the Aurignacian is known near Antalya, but the south- ern coast of the Black Sea would have been a more natural territory for migration.

The passage through the Caucasian region could explain the apparently abrupt appearance in eastern Europe of both modern humans and new behav- iors associated with the Aurignacian. Chosen people from the Caucasus: Jewish origins, delusions, deceptions and historical role in the slave trade, genocide and cultural colonization , Third World Press.

Not in Library. Libraries near you: WorldCat. Edition Notes Includes bibliographical references. Classifications Library of Congress GN B73 The Physical Object Pagination vi, p. Community Reviews 0 Feedback? Loading Related Books. However, the extent and trajectory of these declines are usually not known in detail.

Wild boar in the Alazani River region Photo I. Given the patchy nature of the available and the snowline del Hoyo et al. Nei- sus ecoregion one can conclude that the else.

BirdLife International a es- ther species is listed as globally threat- prey base, whatever the composition, is timated numbers at ,, ened. This and red listed it as Least Concern. The steep slopes above the treeline del Hoyo donkeys and poultry, as well as dogs. No leopard living in Vashlovani Reserve et al. The population in the Cau- region-wide information on numbers is GE since is believed by reserve casus except for NW Iran, is estimated available. Howev- listed as Least Concern BirdLife Inter- after its collapse, but numbers are now er, the extent to which fragmented and national b.

However the Caucasus growing again, though still lower than depleted prey populations at an ecore- population may be declining faster than before in the North Caucasus. Numbers gion-wide scale can support viable in other parts of the range. There is therefore scale, is a very important and so far un- mlokosiewiczi is resident in the Great- a big difference between the Armenian answered question.

Its stronghold is in the Range. Overgrazing in subalpine and and hares appeared to be taken by leop- Greater Caucasus. Population estimates alpine pastures has increased by nearly ards, but only when moving from one here range from 15,—, in RU; three times Krever et al. This rocky habitat patch to another through 40,—50, in GE; 1,—1, has clear negative implications for sparse forest or plateau grasslands.

According to tility of this species and facilitates dis- al c. Habitat consists of wild ungulates are abundant, but else- sub-populations.

Whether such small alpine and subalpine meadows, scrub, where attacks are frequently reported. Georgian Biodiversity Coun- and further research using scat analysis kov A. Mammals of the Soviet try Study Report. Georgia Protected Areas ent localities is needed. Mountain ungu- Moscow in Russian. NA- part 2. Carnivora Hyenas and Cats.

Capra aegagrus www. Nevertheless, all efforts should be made IUCN. In aegagrus caucasica population in Dagh- Shackleton, D. Wild sheep and estan. Abstract of candidate dissertation. Status survey Makhachkala. Ecological-popula- basis for future conservation planning. References Khorozyan I. Ecol- Sochi. Baskaya S. Does the ogy of the leopard Panthera pardus in Shchadilov Yu. Implications Azerbaijan.

In: Mallon, D. Part 4: Oryx 38, North Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. Baziev D. Snowcocks of the Cau- Khorozyan I. Nauka Publs.